04/15/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Monday, April 15th, 2019 through Monday, April 22nd, 2019

PM-2.5: 24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations are expected to range from Good to low Moderate through the forecast period.

FORECAST DISCUSSION:

Sunny conditions Monday turn unsettled Monday night, lasting through the end of the week. Initially the pattern change happens as a boundary becomes stalled over the region, becoming the focus for showers both Tuesday and Wednesday. On Thursday, a low-pressure area pulls the boundary through and storms are a possibility as temperatures warm ahead of it. For Friday and Saturday, a low-pressure area positions itself over the Great Lakes. This system will keep cooler temperatures and scattered showers, possibly mixed with snow, in the forecast.

As for air quality, northwest winds will keep fine particulate readings in the Good range Monday. With a boundary lingering for a few days, fine particulate may increase at a few locations; however, large increases are not expected with levels ranging from middle Good to low Moderate Tuesday through Thursday. Any increase in fine particulate will improve to Good Friday as northeasterly winds develop. Good fine particulate is expected to continue Saturday.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Extended models show the low pulling east Saturday as high pressure moves into the area. Quiet conditions will be in place Easter Sunday, lasting Monday. Northerly winds early Sunday should keep fine particulate from increasing above low Moderate. Southwesterly winds later Sunday and Monday could allow for more widespread low Moderates.

Next forecast update: Monday, April 22nd, 2019
Forecast Update by: Stephanie M. Hengesbach

04/08/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Monday, April 8th, 2019 through Monday, April 15th, 2019

PM-2.5:  24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations will be mostly Good with some Low Moderate through the forecast period.

FORECAST DISCUSSION

After a pleasant weekend, which actually felt a bit like Spring, we will be returning to cooler weather and maybe even a touch of snow during midweek.

The work week begins with west-northwest winds and Good Air Quality.  We will see a brief turn to southwest winds as a small low pressure system passes to our north, Monday night, but see winds shift back to the northwest during Tuesday.  Air Quality should remain mostly Good.

The most interesting feature of this week’s weather begins making itself known late Wednesday as a strong low pressure center comes out of Colorado and presses northeastward.  We will see surface winds shift to the east in advance of its arrival.  This is a deep low and winds will become brisker as it approaches.  These brisk winds will briefly turn to the south, Thursday night, as the center of the low enters the Great Lakes region.  With the brisk winds, I don’t expect issue with Air Quality.

The low pressure center will pass Friday night, and return the region back to a clean, northwest air flow for Friday and early Saturday.  I anticipate light winds during most of the weekend so some areas may see a creep into the Low Moderate range.

Temperatures are projected to be back into the 60’s by early next week and that could spawn some Low Moderate readings.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Air Quality is expected to remain mostly Good to Low Moderate going into the next work week. 

Forecast updated by Jim Haywood: Monday, April 8th, 2019
Next forecast update: Monday, April 15th, 2019

03/25/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Monday, March 25th, 2019 through Monday, April 1st, 2019

PM-2.5:  24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations will be generally Good to Low Moderate through the forecast period.

FORECAST DISCUSSION

We are looking at a quiet work week on the weather front with generally Good Air Quality.  The first half of the work week will feature high pressure as it tracks southeastward.  Surface winds through Tuesday should be mostly northeast and clean under clear skies.

By Wednesday morning, light winds could allow for the beginning of some localized creep of fine particulates.  By late Wednesday, winds on the back side of the departing high pressure will become southwesterly.  With the advection of warmer continental air, it is a good chance that we will start to experience Low Moderates by Thursday morning.

The models indicate a frontal boundary dropping south through Michigan during the day, Thursday.  The lack of available moisture may cause this front to be mostly dry but some showers could occur.  Winds behind this front will be clean and clear out any Moderate conditions.

A better chance of rain comes Friday night as a stronger system approaches the region.  A chance of snow showers exists during Saturday as temperatures drop.  Winds should be generally from a northern direction with Good Air Quality.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Air Quality is expected to remain mostly Good going into the next work week.

Forecast updated by Jim Haywood: Monday, March 25th, 2019

Next forecast update: Monday, April 1st, 2019

03/18/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Monday, March 18th, 2019 through Monday, March 25th, 2019

PM-2.5:  24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations will be generally Good to Low Moderate through the forecast period.

FORECAST DISCUSSION

The forecast period should be fairly quiet starting with a period of warming up and drying out.  A surface ridge of high pressure will drift eastward during the first portion of the week putting the region under southwesterly winds.  While the warmer temperatures, sunshine, and a chance to dry out will be welcomed, the chance for fine particulates to creep into the Low Moderate range will be good.

A small clipper system will sweep through the region, late Wednesday, which should clean out any Moderates that may have accumulated.  Clean conditions and Good Air Quality should persist until later in the weekend when warmer southwest winds return.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Air Quality is expected to remain mostly Good going into the next work week.

Forecast updated by Jim Haywood: Monday, March 18th, 2019

Next forecast update: Monday, March 25th, 2019

03/11/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Monday, March 11th, 2019 through Monday, March 18th, 2019

PM-2.5: 24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations are expected to range from Good to middle Moderate through Thursday; mostly Good readings are expected the rest of the forecast period.

FORECAST DISCUSSION:

Quite conditions start the week with high pressure positioned west of the state. Northwesterly winds should keep fine particulate in the Good range Monday. On Tuesday, the high slides overhead, then east, and southwesterly winds develop. Sunshine, and lighter winds turning southwesterly will cause an increase in fine particulate; readings will range from upper Good to low Moderate.

Southwest winds pick up Wednesday ahead of an approaching weather system and temperatures climb into the 40s. Precipitation could start as snow or freezing rain; however, as temperatures increase precipitation becomes all rain. Warmer temperatures over the snowpack will cause low-level moisture and areas of fog, and these conditions are favorable for Moderate fine particulate. The increase in temperatures continues Thursday with highs expected to range from the 40s north to the 60s south. Precipitation remains in the forecast thanks to an approaching cold front, and a few storms are possible as well. Moderate fine particulate will remain in place.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Extended models show cooler air moving in Friday changing rain showers to snow showers. Cooler temperatures remain through the weekend with an upper level trough in place. A few periods of light winds may allow hourly fine particulate to reach Moderate for a few hours; however, daily averages of fine particulate are expected to be Good to low Moderate through the weekend into early next week.

Next forecast update: Monday, March 18th, 2019

03/04/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Monday, March 4th, 2019 through Monday, March 11th, 2019

PM-2.5:  24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations will be generally Good to Low Moderate through the forecast period.

FORECAST DISCUSSION

The first half of the work week will stay Good for Air Quality as a low pressure system in Canada sends a series of short-wave low pressure systems through the region.  Each of those short-waves will be followed by reinforcing Arctic air.  The last of these short-waves should be through Wednesday night.

High pressure moves into the region for the latter half of the work week. Warmer temperatures and calmer winds will likely cause Moderate conditions to creep in during Thursday and lasting into the weekend.  Stronger southerly winds will occur during Saturday as a deep low pressure system approaches the region.  That system should pass through Sunday afternoon followed by northwest winds and another shot of cold air.  That will put us back into Good Air Quality. 

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Air Quality is expected to remain mostly Good going into the next work week.

Forecast updated by Jim Haywood: Monday, March 4th, 2019

Next forecast update: Monday, March 11th, 2019

2/25/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Monday, February 25th, 2019 through Monday, March 4th, 2019

PM-2.5: 24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations are expected to range from Good to low Moderate through the week; Good readings are expected early next week.

FORECAST DISCUSSION:

Northwest winds behind the strong weekend storm will keep fine particulate in the Good range Monday. A weak disturbance moving through brings snow into the forecast later Tuesday, lasting into Wednesday. Winds will be light during this period; therefore, fine particulate will range from Good to low Moderate. High pressure moves in for a short time Thursday with lighter winds expected; Good to low Moderate fine particulate will continue.

Winds turn southeasterly/easterly Friday ahead of a weekend storm system. This system tracks across the Great Lakes bringing snow into the forecast later Friday through Saturday. Fine particulate may reach low Moderate again Friday; however, any Moderate fine particulate will improve to the Good range Saturday as arctic air moves in on a strong northwest wind.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Extended models show lake effect snows lingering into Sunday as northwest winds continue. High pressure also moves in and will bring quiet, but cold, conditions on Monday. Good fine particulate can be expected early next week.

Next forecast update: Monday, March 4th, 2019
Forecast Update by: Stephanie M. Hengesbach

2/19/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Tuesday, February 19h, 2019 through Monday, February 25th, 2019

PM-2.5:  24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations will be generally Good to Low Moderate through the forecast period.

FORECAST DISCUSSION

This forecast week will be featured by two primary weather systems.  As high pressure moves out of the region during Tuesday, an approaching system will provide active weather for Wednesday.   Low Moderates observed on Tuesday, courtesy of the retreating dome of high pressure, will be flushed out as this system passes through during Wednesday.  Westerly winds from the retreating system will provide Good Air Quality for Thursday.

The best chance for any Low Moderates, during the forecast period, will be Friday into Saturday as the Midwest settles under another dome of high pressure.  Calm winds, plus a melting snow pack, will be prime for stagnating air and fine particulate creep.

A stronger system comes through on Sunday to flush out any persisting fine particulates. 

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Air Quality is expected to remain mostly Good going into the next work week.

Forecast updated by Jim Haywood: Tuesday, February 19th, 2019

Next forecast update: Monday, February 25th, 2019

2/15/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Friday, February 15th, 2019 through Tuesday, February 19th, 2019

PM-2.5: 24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations are expected to be generally Good through most of the forecast period, Moderates may return by Tuesday.

FORECAST DISCUSSION:

A cold front pushing through Friday will reinforce cool temperatures over the state. Some morning hourly fine particulate levels may reach Moderate in the southeastern portion of the state, but readings improve as the day progresses. Daily fine particulate averages of Good are expected state-wide. Quiet conditions on Saturday will be a nice break of the active weather experienced recently. High pressure settles in and a northerly component to the wind should keep fine particulate mostly Good. The high slides east Sunday as a storm system moves south of the state. Easterly winds develop on the north side of this storm and there are chances for snow generally in southern areas. Good fine particulate levels are expected to continue through Sunday.

Quiet conditions will be in place for the Presidents Day holiday and continuing into Tuesday. Northeasterly winds on Monday should keep fine particulate Good. Winds weaken Tuesday as high pressure moves overhead. A weak system moving through the Upper Peninsula may trigger some light snow, otherwise conditions remain dry. The weaker winds could cause some Moderate fine particulate with most Moderates confined to southern portions of the state.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Extended models show a storm system developing and moving just south of Michigan during mid-week. The storm has the potential to bring accumulating snow, especially to southern portions of the state. As for air quality, weaker winds on the onset could keep some Moderate fine particulate around for Wednesday.

Forecast Update by: Stephanie M. Hengesbach

Next forecast update: Tuesday, February 19th, 2019

2/11/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Monday, February 11th, 2019 through Friday, February 15th, 2019

PM-2.5: 24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations are expected to be mostly Good through the forecast period.

FORECAST DISCUSSION:

A developing weather system will pass the Great Lakes region early Tuesday through Wednesday afternoon. Warmer temperatures in southern parts of the state will produce freezing rain along with snow, but only snow is expected further north. As the system pulls away, precipitation changes to all snow and chances for snow last through Wednesday morning. As for air quality, lighter winds early Monday turn easterly during the day. A few low Moderate fine particulate readings in the southeast are possible Monday, otherwise, stronger winds with the storm system should keep Good air quality conditions through Wednesday.

High pressure builds in briefly late Wednesday/early Thursday before another storm system moves through Thursday into Friday. Fine particulate readings are expected to remain Good Thursday and a stronger northerly wind as the system passes will keep Good air quality in place Friday.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Extended models show high pressure settling over the state for the weekend, into early next week. Temperatures should remain low enough to prevent a significant snow melt; however, lighter winds may help produce Moderate fine particulate for a day or two. This forecast will be updated Friday to detail expected air quality conditions through the Presidents Day holiday.

FORECAST UPDATED BY Stephanie M. Hengesbach

Next forecast update: Friday, February 15th, 2019

2/4/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY

Monday, February 4th, 2019 through Monday, February 11th, 2019

PM-2.5:  24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations will be generally Good to Low Moderate through the forecast period.

FORECAST DISCUSSION

The forecast week promises to be active with several weather events impacting the state.  Monday will be the best chance to see Moderate levels of fine particulates with the warmer temperatures and melting snow.  A cold front will pass through the state, late Monday afternoon, and push temperatures back below the freezing level.  The accompanying wind shift will also help clean the air and place us back into the Good category.

High pressure will give us a little sun on Tuesday before a series of upper air disturbances will present the threat of freezing rain Tuesday night through Wednesday.  Wind patterns should be such that Good Air Quality will remain. 

The next major system is anticipated to be Thursday night setting up a chilly beginning of the weekend but mostly Good Air Quality.  A slight warmup late in the weekend is the next best shot at any Low Moderate conditions but that should be fairly low risk.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Air Quality is expected to remain mostly Good to Low Moderate going into the next work week.

Forecast updated by Jim Haywood: Monday, February 4th, 2019

Next forecast update: Monday, February 11th, 2019

2/1/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Friday, February 1st, 2019 through Monday, February 4th, 2019

PM-2.5: 24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations are expected to be mostly Moderate through the forecast period.

FORECAST DISCUSSION:

A rebound in temperatures will be experienced this weekend after the frigid cold of this past week. This happens as high pressure builds east of the state and south/southwest winds develop. On Saturday, highs will be back into the 30s and temperatures continue climbing through early next week. A weather system is expected to bring chances for mostly rain Sunday and again Monday.

As for air quality, weaker winds in place Friday will likely cause fine particulate to increase into the Moderate range, especially in southern locations. Southerly winds Saturday bring warmer temperatures and increased moisture causing more wide-spread Moderates of fine particulate. A cold front is forecast to pass the state later Monday, but before then a warm southwest flow continues. The warmer temperatures will cause snow melt, adding to the low-level moisture over the state. Mostly Moderate fine particulate will last through Monday.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Extended models show a cold front passing late Monday/Tuesday. The passage of this boundary should clean out any increased fine particulate. More seasonable conditions are expected by mid-week next week, along with Good air quality.

Next forecast update: Monday, February 4th, 2019

Forecast by: Stephanie M. Hengesbach

1/28/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY

Monday, January 28th, 2019 through Friday, February 1st, 2019

PM-2.5: 24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations are expected to be mostly Good through Thursday with a mix of Good and some low Moderates Friday.

FORECAST DISCUSSION:

A snow storm tracking through the state Monday will drop several inches of snow. Strong southeast winds turn northwest later Monday as the storm pulls off to the northeast. Strong winds last through Wednesday and very cold temperatures become predominant Tuesday into Thursday, lake effect snows also develop during this time-frame in the most prone areas. Wind chills will be at dangerous levels so be prepared if you need to spend time outdoors this week. By Friday, high pressure settles over the state with winds weakening.

As for air quality, Good fine particulate levels are expected through Thursday with the cold temperatures, and predominantly strong northwest wind. High pressure may allow for more stagnant conditions Friday, so fine particulate may increase into the low-Moderate range.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Extended models show a warm up for the weekend as high-pressure slides east of the state and southwest winds develop. Warmer temperatures will likely lead to snow melt and increased low-level moisture. This scenario often causes increased fine particulate. Due to the threat for wide-spread Moderate fine particulate, this forecast will be updated Friday to detail conditions for weekend and early next week.

Next forecast update: Friday, February 1st, 2019

Forecast by MDEQ Meteorologist, Stephanie M. Hengesbach

1/22/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY

Tuesday, January 22nd, 2019 through Monday, January 28th, 2019

PM-2.5:  24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations will be generally Good to Low Moderate early in the week, then mostly Good for the remainder of the work week.  Good to Low Moderate is expected during the weekend.

FORECAST DISCUSSION

Current weather patterns are more typical of what we would expect during January than what we have seen during this winter, so far.  During Tuesday, a low pressure system is approaching Michigan.  As that system approaches, warmer air will begin filtering into the state later Tuesday.  Wednesday temperatures are expected to reach the mid-30’s before the system passes and returns the wind pattern to a colder west to northwest flow.  During the brief period of southerly winds and melting snow, we may see a creep in fine particulates into the Low Moderate range, especially in urban areas.  The rest of the work week is expected to be under generally west to northwest air flow and clean air resulting in Good Air Quality.

Light winds from southerly sectors is expected to return during Saturday although temperatures are likely to remain below 20 degrees.  Some particulate creep may occur during Saturday, especially in the morning hours following a strong nighttime inversion.  But most of the weekend should be mostly Good with some Low Moderates.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Air Quality is expected to remain mostly Good going into the next work week.

Forecast updated by Jim Haywood: Tuesday, January 21st, 2019

Next forecast update: Monday, January 28th, 2019

1/18/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Friday, January 18th, 2019 through Tuesday, January 22nd, 2019

PM-2.5: 24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations are expected to be mostly Good through the forecast period.

FORECAST DISCUSSION:

A storm system will be passing south of the state Friday/Saturday. The track is close enough to bring snow later Friday into Saturday with the heaviest accumulations south towards the state border. Winds will be from a northeasterly direction much of Friday into Saturday keeping fine particulate levels mostly Good. Lighter winds earlier Friday could allow for a few monitors to hit low-end Moderate in the southeast; otherwise fine particulate will be Good.

On Sunday, high pressure starts settling in from the northwest, however, what should be noted is the cold air filtering in Saturday night into Sunday. Highs Sunday will struggle to reach the teens in the southern portions of the state with colder temperatures as you go north. Wind chills will be below zero at times so precautions should be taken if spending time outdoors to prevent frostbite. The cold temperatures will linger through Martin Luther King Day on Monday. Northerly winds Sunday should keep fine particulate Good, but winds weaken Monday as high pressure settles overhead. This could allow for some low-Moderates, generally in the more urban areas of the southeast.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Extended models still show a storm system approaching the Great Lakes region Tuesday into Wednesday. This has the potential to be a strong winter storm; however, the exact track and strength isn’t certain this far out; it is something to keep an eye on. As for fine particulate, increasing southerly winds as the storm approaches should keep fine particulate from increasing much; readings Tuesday will range from middle Good to low-Moderate.

FORECAST UPDATED BY STEPHANIE HENGESBACH: FRIDAY, JANUARY 18, 2019
Next forecast update: Tuesday, January 22nd, 2019

1/14/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Monday, January 14th, 2019 through Friday, January 18th, 2019

PM-2.5: 24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations will range between Good and Moderate through the forecast period.

FORECAST DISCUSSION:

After a quiet Monday, an active weather period looks to develop with on and off systems the rest of the week. A weak system could bring some freezing drizzle on a southwest wind early Tuesday and a cold front follows suit passing through early Wednesday. This boundary could also bring light snow and/or freezing drizzle. On Thursday, a storm passes through the Ohio River Valley as another system tracks north of Lake Superior. Both systems could bring snow to parts of the state. There will be a short lull Friday before a stronger storm brings snow, and then cold temperatures, for the weekend.

As for air quality, lighter winds turning southwest Monday will allow for a mix of Good and Moderate fine particulate. This mix of Good and Moderates will continue until the cold front passes early Wednesday. Good levels are expected late Wednesday into Thursday. Low-Moderates may creep in Friday with lighter winds in place. The best chance for Moderate readings will be in the more urban parts of the state.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Extended models show a stronger storm passing just south of the state Saturday; however, the track will be close enough to bring accumulating snow. There is some uncertainty with its exact track, but what remains certain is cold conditions will develop early next week. With Martin Luther King Jr. Day being observed next Monday, this forecast will be updated Friday to detail expected air quality conditions through the holiday.

FORECAST UPDATED BY STEPHANIE HENGESBACH: MONDAY, January 14, 2019

Next forecast update: Friday, January 18th, 2019

1/7/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Monday, January 7th, 2018 through Monday, January 14th, 2019

PM-2.5:  24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations will be generally Good during the work week then Good to Low Moderate during the weekend.

FORECAST DISCUSSION

Michigan will experience warm air advection during Monday and a portion of Tuesday, prior to a cold front passage.  Although Air Quality is Good early Monday, a slow creep into the Low Moderate range would not be unexpected with the warmer, and more moist winds.

Following the passing of the front Tuesday morning, winds will transition to the west, then northwest, cleaning out any residual Moderate readings.  Good conditions should persist through the remainder of the work week.

The next chance of Moderate conditions will likely occur during the late Friday/early Saturday time frame when winds become calm and gradually become more southeasterly.  Winds should turn northeasterly, early Sunday, then westerly to finish the weekend.  Good Air Quality should return to the region, at that time.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Air Quality is expected to remain mostly Good going into the next work week.

Forecast updated by Jim Haywood: Monday, January 7th, 2019

Next forecast update: Monday, January 14th, 2019

1/2/2019 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

Wednesday, January 2nd, 2019 through Monday, January 7th, 2019

PM-2.5: 24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations will range between Good and middle Moderate through the forecast period.

FORECAST DISCUSSION:

A system moving through Wednesday will bring snow to parts of the state, otherwise, generally quiet conditions can be expected the rest of the week. Morning inversions, and lighter winds associated with storms tracking north and south of the state, will produce periods of Moderate fine particulate through Sunday.

A stronger storm will bring precipitation into the state late Sunday/early Monday and conditions should be warm enough for the precipitation to start as rain. Cooler air will filter in late Monday/Tuesday as the system pulls east likely changing rain over to snow showers. Any increases in fine particulate will improve to Good by Tuesday.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Extended models show lake effect snow under a northwest wind flow and chances for snow could linger through mid-week. With the decent northwest wind, Good fine particulate is expected.

Next forecast update: Monday, January 7th, 2019

12/28/2018 Forecast Update

FORECAST SUMMARY:

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 28 THROUGH WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 2

PM-2.5:  24-hour Fine Particulate concentrations will be generally Good to Low Moderate.

FORECAST DISCUSSION

The first of two cold fronts is passing through the state Friday morning.  The wind shift to the southwest will initiate slowly falling temperatures and Good Air Quality.  A stronger cold front will pass Friday night with a wind shift to the northwest and sharply cooler temperatures.  Air Quality will remain Good under this wind pattern.

High pressure should dominate during the weekend with mostly Good Air Quality, although some Low Moderates could occur during Sunday with stagnate conditions.

The best chance of Moderate readings will be Monday when the region comes under southwest winds in advance of the next low pressure system.  Fronts associated with that system should be through the region during New Year’s Day cleaning out any residual particulates.

Since the state offices will be closed Monday and Tuesday, the next forecast will occur on Wednesday.

EXTENDED FORECAST:

Air Quality is expected to remain mostly Good going into the new year.

FORECAST UPDATED BY JIM HAYWOOD: FRIDAY, DECEMBER 28TH, 2018

NEXT FORECAST UPDATE: WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 2ND, 2019